THE EFFECT OF Ni REPLACEMENT WITH Ge ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF LaNi5 ALLOY

Dam Nhan Ba

Dam Nhan Ba Hung Yen University of Technology and Education

Keywords: Absorption of hydrogen, LaNi5 , Ni-MH rechargeable battery, Magnetic properties

Abstract

In this paper, we present the results of the study on the magnetic properties of LaNi_5-xGe_x (x = 0.1 - 0.5) alloys based on extending the Langevin’s classical theory of paramagnetism. The calculation results show that the number of magnetic particles decreases and the size of magnetic particles increases as the concentration of Ge in LaNi5 alloy increases. The LaNi_5-xGe_x alloy after charge/discharge changes from paramagnetic to super paramagnetic. The calculated data is verified by making joints by the Langevin’s function according to the M-H data at room temperature, the results of matching between the theoretical line and the experimental data are over 99%. This study gives us a better understanding of the processes that occur when Ni-MH rechargeable battery is charged/discharged.

References

H. Okamoto, “La-Ni (Lanthanum-Nickel),”, J. Phase Equilibria, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 615–616, 1991.

T. Erika, C. Sebastian, Z. Fernando, and D. Verónica, “Temperature performance of AB5 hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries,”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 1, pp. 2–8, 2015.

F. Cuevas, J.-M. Joubert, M. Latroche, and a. Percheron-Guégan, “Intermetallic compounds as negative electrodes of Ni/MH batteries,”, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process., vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 225– 238, 2011.

A. H. Boonstra, G. J. M. Lippits, and T. N. M. Bernards, “Degradation processes in a LaNi5 electrode,”, J. Less Common Met., vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 119–131, 1989.

X. H. Wu, Q. P. Feng, M. Wang, and G. W. Huang, “Spherical Al-substituted ɑ-nickel hydroxide with high tapping density applied in Ni-MH battery,”, J. Power Sources, vol. 329, pp. 170–178, 2016.

M. Dymek, B. Rozdzynska-Kielbik, V. V. Pavlyuk, and H. Bala, “Electrochemical hydrogenation properties of LaNi4.6Zn0.4−xSnx alloys,”, J. Alloys Compd., vol. 644, pp. 916–922, 2015.

M. Balcerzak, M. Nowak, and M. Jurczyk, “Hydrogenation and electrochemical studies of La– Mg–Ni alloys,”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 1436–1443, 2017.

A. Sobianowska-Turek, “Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals: Ce, La, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn from the stream of used Ni-MH cells,”, Waste Manag., vol. 77, no. April 2009, pp. 213–219, 2018.

K. Lota et al., “Electrochemical properties of modified negative electrode for Ni-MH cell,”, Curr. Appl. Phys., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 106–113, 2020.

M. Landa-Castro, J. Aldana-González, M. G. Montes de Oca-Yemha, M. Romero-Romo, E. M. Arce-Estrada, and M. Palomar-Pardavé, “Ni–Co alloy electrodeposition from the cathode powder of Ni-MH spent batteries leached with a deep eutectic solvent (reline),”, J. Alloys Compd., vol. 830, pp. 1–9, 2020.

P. Bäuerlein, C. Antonius, J. Löffler, and J. Kümpers, “Progress in high-power nickel–metal hydride batteries,”, J. Power Sources, vol. 176, no. 2, pp. 547–554, 2008.

R. C. Ratnakumar, B. V. Witham, C. Bowman, Jr., “Electrochemical Studies on LaNi5-xSnx Metal Hydride Alloys,”, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 143, no. 8, pp. 2578–2584, 1996.

E. M. Borzone, A. Baruj, M. V. Blanco, and G. O. Meyer, “Dynamic measurements of hydrogen reaction with LaNi5-xSnx alloys,”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, no. 18, pp. 7335–7343, 2013.

F. Meli, A. Zuettel, and L. Schlapbach, “Surface and Bulk Properties of LaNi5-xSix Alloys from the Viewpoint of Battery Applications.,”, J. Alloys Compd., vol. 190, no. 1, pp. 17–24, 1992.

C. Witham, “Electrochemical Properties of LaNi5−xGex Alloys in Ni-MH Batteries,”, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 144, no. 11, p. 3758-3764, 1997.

F. R. Buschow, K.H.J, de Boer, Physics of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 2004.

Cullity, B.D., Introduction to Magnetic Materials. Addinson Wesley, New York, 1972.